The clinical course and serologic profiles of A acute and B chronic hepatitis B. Acute Hepatitis B About two-thirds of patients with acute HBV infection have a mild, asymptomatic and subclinical illness that usually goes undetected. Chronic Hepatitis B Chronic hepatitis B has a variable and dynamic course. Important Questions and Needs for Future Research How does HBV establish productive infection in vivo and what is the host response early during the infection?
Footnotes Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. References 1. Ganem D, Schneider RJ. Hepadnaviridae and their replication. Fields Virology. Hepatitis B virus. Structure of hepatitis B surface antigen: characterization of the lipid components and their association with the viral proteins.
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Am J Med Sci. Berk PD, Popper H. Fulminant hepatic failure. Am J Gastroenterol. Fulminant hepatic failure: summary of a workshop. McMahon The natural history of chronic hepaatitis B virus infection. Survival in chronic hepatitis B. An analysis of patients. Ann Intern Med. The development of cirrhosis in patients with chronic type B hepatitis: a prospective study. Survival and prognostic indicators in hepatitis B surface antigen-positive cirrhosis of the liver.
Alpha-fetoprotein monitoring in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: role in the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Serum markers of hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Liver Dis. Dienstag JL. Hepatitis B as an immune complex disease. Episomal vector systems have the potential to avoid these undesired side effects, since they behave as separate extrachromosomal elements in the nucleus of a target cell.
Within this article we present a comprehensive survey of currently available episomal vector systems for the genetic modification of mammalian cells. We will discuss their advantages and disadvantages and their applications in the context of basic research, biotechnology and gene therapy. Sign up to join this community. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top. Stack Overflow for Teams — Collaborate and share knowledge with a private group.
Create a free Team What is Teams? Learn more. Is episome a plasmid or a virus? Ask Question. Asked 8 years, 9 months ago. Active 6 years, 7 months ago.
Viewed 12k times. Source is wikipedia. Improve this question. Armacino Armacino 95 1 1 gold badge 1 1 silver badge 4 4 bronze badges. If a plasmid integrates into a chromosome by some mechanism as for example in Hfr strains of E coli where the F plasmid is integrated the plasmid loses its episomal status.
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