Rabies virus trafficking

Therefore, there is essentially no risk to generate replication competent rabies virus. Pseudotyped rabies virus: Rabies virus in which the rabies envelope gene is deleted can be pseudotypes with a number of different envelope genes, including EnvA, VSV-g, avian sarcoma leucosis virus glycoprotein, or HIV env.

This pseudotyping alters the cell tropism of the virus and can be useful for specific experimental purposes. Initial symptoms of rabies include fever, headache, malaise, and upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract disorders, which can last days. Specific symptoms develop as either encephalitis or paralysis.

The risk for rabies transmission varies in part with the species of biting animal, the anatomic site of the bite, and the severity of the wound. Although risk for transmission might increase with wound severity, rabies transmission also occurs from bites by some animals e. Any penetration of the skin by teeth constitutes a bite exposure.

All bites, regardless of body site or evidence of gross trauma, represent a potential risk. For the past several decades, the majority of naturally acquired, indigenous human rabies cases in the United States have resulted from variants of rabies viruses associated with insectivorous bats. The contamination of open wounds or abrasions including scratches or mucous membranes with saliva or other potentially infectious material e.

Two cases of rabies have been attributed to probable aerosol exposures in laboratories, and two cases of rabies have been attributed to possible airborne exposures in caves containing millions of free-tailed bats Tadarida brasiliensis in the Southwest.

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